Our results show that farm size and diversity of agricultural production vary substantiallyacross regions and are key structural determinants of food and nutrient productionthat need to be considered in plans to meet social, economic, and environmental targets.At the global level, both small and large farms have key roles in food and nutritionsecurity. Efforts to maintain production diversity as farm sizes increase seem tobe necessary to maintain the production of diverse nutrients and viable, multifunctional,sustainable landscapes.